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Surgical wounds are incisions created by surgeons while performing an operation for a condition or to insert a drain into the body. The initial dressing of the wound is done by the doctor themselves but home care of the wound requires dressing and redressing of the wound till it heals completely. There are a number of different surgical wounds but most of them depend on the size of the incision and the depth. The characteristics of all surgical wounds are the same. A surgical wound requires cleaning, dressing & redressing, and irrigation of the wound, and sometimes the use of painkillers and anti-inflammatory creams to suppress the pain and swelling. Saline solutions are used to irrigate the wound, which is an important part of treating surgical wounds.

Types of Surgical Wounds Based on Contamination

Class I - They are called clean wounds and show no signs of inflammation or infection. They generally involve the eye or the vascular system.
Class II - Also known as clean-contaminated wounds, they are not infected but have a high chance of getting infected because of their location. They mostly involve the gastrointestinal tract.
Class III - Referred to as contaminated wounds, they generally have an involvement of an outside object that has contaminated the wound.
Class IV - Also called dirty-contaminated wounds, they are the most prone to infections and are mostly those that have been exposed to fecal matter or worse.

Symptoms of Surgical Wounds

Delayed healing of the wound
Increasing pain and redness around the wound
Foul smell from the exudate of the wound
The presence of pus in the wound

Treatment of Surgical Wounds

Surgical wounds have to be treated with care and dexterity as infections of these wounds can cause serious repercussions. There are a number of steps that one has to take while ensuring that surgical wounds heal faster and there is no spread of infections.

One of the first steps would be to irrigate the wound using a saline solution. This helps in cleaning the wound and removing the debris so that there is better visualization of the wound. You can also use saline dressings for the same. Make sure that the wound stays sterile while irrigation so that infections are avoided.
The next step would be to clean the wound using an anti-bacterial or anti-microbial solution. An anti-microbial wound cleanser would be the best option. Use a swab stick to gentle clean the wound and using a wound cleanser. There are multiple saline wound cleansers too that help irrigate and clean the wound at the same time. This ensures that there are no infection-causing microbes in the wound.
The last step is the dressing. Highly absorbent dressings are the best option. They help in absorbing the exudate from the wound and allowing for faster healing. One can also use silver dressings to prevent infections. Silver is a great anti-microbial agent and inhibits the growth of bacteria. Honey dressings can also be used to expedite healing and prevent infections.